{"id":4105,"date":"2022-08-11T08:03:39","date_gmt":"2022-08-11T08:03:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/?p=4105"},"modified":"2022-08-11T08:03:39","modified_gmt":"2022-08-11T08:03:39","slug":"welding-of-plastics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/spawanie-tworzyw-sztucznych\/","title":{"rendered":"Welding of plastics"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"bonding<\/a>Welding and welding of plastics involves the plasticisation of the surfaces to be joined and the joining material under heat and pressure. This is done by the diffusion of the polymer macromolecules, i.e. by their diffusion-reaction and chemical reactions occurring between them using heating equipment. The sequence of operations varies: in some cases, the materials are brought into close contact first and then the surfaces to be joined are heated; in other cases, the reverse is true - the surfaces to be joined are heated first and then brought into contact with each other; or the surfaces to be joined are brought into contact with each other and heated at the same time. When welding plastics, the particles of the plasticised material and the binder disperse. Once cooled, a permanent bond is formed. When welding thermoplastics, as when welding metals, the following processes take place in the weld zone: energy dissipation and transformation to ensure the activation of the welded surfaces; the interaction of the active weld surfaces when they come into contact with each other; the formation of the material structure in the contact zone.<\/p>\n

Methods of welding plastics<\/h2>\n

Gas welding<\/em><\/h2>\n

Gas welding, also known as hot air welding, is welding with heat. It involves simultaneously heating the parts to be welded with a jet of hot gas, heated in a special device. A heat gun has been developed that produces a jet of hot air that softens both parts of the plastic being joined. Gas welding is carried out with or without filler material, either manually or with special tools that mechanise the welding process. Filler rods must not be used when welding fabrics and films. Two sheets of plastic are heated using hot gas and then joined together. Hot gas welding is a commonly used method for manufacturing products such as chemical tanks, water tanks, heat exchangers and water fittings. This rapid welding process can be carried out continuously.<\/p>\n

Radial welding<\/em><\/h2>\n

This is the welding of plastics using an extruder. This type of welding is considered to be the most convenient and economical. The extruder feeds an already melted or softened mass into the weld, which is pressed by a guide nozzle. This device is used for joining parts of great thickness. Welding with the extruder starts with preparation, i.e. cleaning, and then the welds are tightly joined. The welding process can be carried out at a moderately fast pace, bearing in mind the temperature setting for the thermoplastic type. Once the work is complete, the component must remain stationary until it has cooled completely. The benefits of working with an extruder are mainly: lower energy consumption, improved heat transfer, no need for a clamping device, full control over the quality of the weld.<\/p>\n

Contact welding<\/em><\/h2>\n

Contact welding, also known as resistance welding or hot electrode welding, involves pressing components with a heated tape against a cold substrate or squeezing components between two heated tapes. It is one of the most common methods of joining films. The principle of contact welding is that the joining area is heated to the viscous state of the polymer by a heating device, which transfers heat directly during contact with the surface.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zgrzewanie i spawanie tworzyw sztucznych polega na uplastycznieniu \u0142\u0105czonych powierzchni i materia\u0142u \u0142\u0105cz\u0105cego pod wp\u0142ywem ciep\u0142a i ci\u015bnienia. \u00a0Odbywa si\u0119 to poprzez dyfuzj\u0119 makrocz\u0105steczek polimeru, czyli poprzez ich reakcje dyfuzyjno-reologiczne i chemiczne zachodz\u0105ce mi\u0119dzy nimi przy u\u017cyciu urz\u0105dze\u0144 grzewczych. Kolejno\u015b\u0107 operacji jest r\u00f3\u017cna: w niekt\u00f3rych przypadkach najpierw doprowadza si\u0119 do \u015bcis\u0142ego kontaktu materia\u0142\u00f3w, a nast\u0119pnie ogrzewa si\u0119 \u0142\u0105czone powierzchnie; w innych przypadkach jest odwrotnie \u2013 \u0142\u0105czone powierzchnie s\u0105 najpierw podgrzewane, a nast\u0119pnie stykane ze sob\u0105; lub \u0142\u0105czone powierzchnie stykaj\u0105 si\u0119 ze sob\u0105 i s\u0105 jednocze\u015bnie podgrzewane. Podczas spawania tworzyw sztucznych cz\u0105steczki uplastycznionego materia\u0142u i spoiwa rozpraszaj\u0105 si\u0119. Po sch\u0142odzeniu tworzy si\u0119 trwa\u0142e spoiwo. Podczas spawania tworzyw termoplastycznych, podobnie jak podczas spawania metali, w strefie spawania zachodz\u0105 nast\u0119puj\u0105ce procesy: rozpraszanie energii i przekszta\u0142canie w celu zapewnienia aktywacji spawanych powierzchni; wzajemne oddzia\u0142ywanie aktywnych powierzchni spoiny, gdy stykaj\u0105 si\u0119 one ze sob\u0105; tworzenie si\u0119 struktury materia\u0142u w strefie kontaktu. Metody spawania tworzyw sztucznych Spawanie gazowe Spawanie gazowe, znane r\u00f3wnie\u017c, jako spawanie gor\u0105cym powietrzem, to spawanie z wykorzystaniem ciep\u0142a. Polega na jednoczesnym podgrzewaniu spawanych element\u00f3w strumieniem gor\u0105cego gazu, podgrzewanego w specjalnym urz\u0105dzeniu. Opracowano pistolet do podgrzewania, kt\u00f3ry wytwarza strumie\u0144 gor\u0105cego powietrza zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105cy obie cz\u0119\u015bci \u0142\u0105czonych tworzyw sztucznych. Spawania gazowe jest wykonywane z materia\u0142em wype\u0142niaj\u0105cym lub bez niego, r\u0119cznie lub przy u\u017cyciu specjalnych narz\u0119dzi mechanizuj\u0105cych proces spawania. Podczas zgrzewania tkanin i folii nie wolno u\u017cywa\u0107 pr\u0119t\u00f3w wype\u0142niaj\u0105cych. Dwa arkusze tworzywa sztucznego s\u0105 podgrzewane za pomoc\u0105 gor\u0105cego gazu, a nast\u0119pnie \u0142\u0105czone ze sob\u0105. Spawanie gazowe gor\u0105cym powietrzem jest powszechnie stosowan\u0105 metod\u0105 produkcji takich wyrob\u00f3w, jak zbiorniki na chemikalia, zbiorniki na wod\u0119, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-szkolenia-udt","has_thumb"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4105"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4105\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4108,"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4105\/revisions\/4108"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kursy-udt.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}